To cite this VALLSS: K-3 Technical Manual, use the following: Wellberg, S., De La Cruz, V. M., Soland, J., Lipscomb, D. W., Conner, C., & Solari, E. J. (2026). Technical report for the Virginia Language & Literacy Screening System for Grades K-3. OSF. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/RSJQT